Earthwork Volume

Earthwork Volume

The average end area method estimates cut or fill volume between two cross-sections by averaging their areas and multiplying by the distance between them. It is the standard method in roadway design for computing earthwork from cross-section data and the typical pay quantity basis under most state DOT specifications.

Cross-section areas are taken at each stationing interval from the ground line and proposed subgrade template. The swell factor converts bank cubic yards (in-situ) to loose cubic yards (excavated). Typical swell: sandy soils 1.10, clays 1.20, rock 1.30–1.40. The prismoidal formula is more exact but requires a mid-section area; average end area is standard for bidding purposes.